Lesser Known GNU
From SquadLimberWiki
Using ar:
use tar.
Contents |
dd: data definition
Create an ISO image from a CD-ROM:
dd if=/dev/cdrom of=/tmp/image.iso bs=2k
Backup a hard disk:
dd if=/dev/hda1 | gzip > /mnt/hdb1/system_drive_backup.img.gz
Clone an OS over the network:
1. On Target machine you will need to not have the main disk mounted, i.e. boot a CD-ROM.
2. On the target machine run:
nc -l -p 9000 | dd of=/dev/hda
(Writes anything received on port 9000 to /dev/hda.)
3. On source machine, copy the disk over the network:
dd if=/dev/hda | nc 192.168.1.3 9000
You can also clone individual partitions and the MBR independently. To clone the MBR, which sits in the first 446 bytes:
dd if=/dev/hda of=myMBR bs=446 count=1
ldd: List dynamic dependencies of executable files or shared objects.
ldd /usr/bin/ls
uniq: output unique lines from the input
Sort first! uniq only outputs unique adjacent lines.
Output lines with only one occurence:
uniq -u
Expanded expressions: the ? character
Remove all two-letter filenames in the current-directory:
rm ??
Longer example:
$ ls
bob bib bab dog
$ rm b?b $ ls
dog
List (Most) Files Separated By A Comma
ls -m
Detecting the particular Linux distribution
Look for the occurence of any of the following files:
Novell SUSE /etc/SuSE-release Red Hat /etc/redhat-release, /etc/redhat_version Fedora /etc/fedora-release Slackware /etc/slackware-release, /etc/slackware-version Debian /etc/debian_release, /etc/debian_version, Mandrake /etc/mandrake-release Yellow dog /etc/yellowdog-release Sun JDS /etc/sun-release Solaris/Sparc /etc/release Gentoo /etc/gentoo-release UnitedLinux /etc/UnitedLinux-release ubuntu /etc/lsb-release
Also make use of:
uname -a
And possibly:
cat /etc/motd
Useful DOS Stuff
| F7 | Bring up command history |
| start . | Open an explorer window in the current directory |
| type | List contents of a file (similar to cat on unix) |
| Drag and drop a folder from explorer to a DOS command prompt | Copies the path of that folder to the command prompt |
